Photogrphy basics

What is attached to the lens to reduce flares?

a tripod
an umbrella reflector
the lens hood
the lens cover
an optical filter

What are the advantages of physically big sensors?

the maximal depth of field is higher
the minimal depth of field is lower
wider dynamic range
better signal-to-noise ratio
cameras with such sensors are more prestigeous
they allow shooting without a mirror lift
they allow usage of smaller and lighter lens

What is a neutral filter?

high quality filter with zero image distorsion
an optic filter that reduces the light density without affecting its color
the low-weight optic filter proposed for tourists and alpinist photographers
a protective filter with zero influence on the image
an optic filter with alternate density

To what item are terms "pillow-shaped" and "barrel-shaped" applicable?

peculiarities of a photomodel body constitution
lens aberration types
embroidery styles
fashionable shapes of compact camera bodies
working shapes of the framing devices
defects of vision

How can you control the polarizer filter effect?

by the aperture change
by the filter rotation
by installation or removal of a lens hood
by replacing a filter with stronger or weaker one
by camera tilt

What is almost always shot with a telephoto lens?

birds
group portraits
architecture
anything by a digital camera
anything by a hidden camera

When was the first single lens reflex camera for 35 mm film introduced?

1934
1936
1957
1963
a reflex camera can not be single-lens

Which value corresponds to the minimal aperture?

f/1.8
f/4
f/8
f/16
f/ values are not applicable to aperture

What is a device color profile?

planar projection of the device, in which different parts are marked with different colors
a data file describing the match between the device color reproduction and standard color space
values of color temperature of each color reproducible by the device
a photograph of the device from the side, printed on a color printer

What is the origin of the red-eye effect?

permanent lack of sleep
incorrect film processing
flash light reflecting from the inward part of the eye
photographer's request to look straightly into the lens
low quality of the flash lamps in modern cameras

Which of the following film formats was historically the latest?

1024 mm * 768 mm
35 mm roll
cassette type 110
APS cassette
disk film
matrix film

What is the field of view of a 100 mm lens at 35 mm frame?

12 degrees
24 degrees
90 degrees
96 degrees
360 degrees

Which statement is always true for focal shutters?

they are located in focal plane
the shutter is not fully opened on short exposures
exposures longer than 30 seconds are unsupported
the shutter may become damaged if the camera is left on for long
they require power supply

Which type of photography benefits from tilt-shift lens?

portrait
living nature photography
photography of mentally disordered people
photography of high buildings
landscape
shooting from behind the corner

What is a "field camera"?

a portable camera in a pocket format
a photo camera with exposure meter utilizing field transistors
a photo camera used by secret agents
a photo camera that can work in strong magnetic fields
a foldible wide format camera
a panoramic landscape camera

What of the following has constant color temperature:

sunlight at a certain moment of time
luminescent lamp
Earth kernel
any light source with continuous spectrum
filament bulb
flash light reflected from the ceiling

What is a "matrix metering"?

partial exposure metering
exposure value for the lower part of the frame
exposure value for the central part of the frame
manual exposure metering

Exposition correction of +1 EV corresponds to:

exposition increase by 1 energetic vision unit
illuminance increase by 2.5 lux
twofold increase of exposure time
square-root-of-two increase of the material sensitivity
square-root-of-two decrease of the aperture value

What distinguishes a circular polarizer from a linear one?

it has a round mounting
it does not affect light metering
it has bigger diameter
it allows shutting panoramic frames
it does not interfere with auto-focus
polarization effect is controlled by the filter rotation

Which principle lies behind the red eye reduction?

optic filter inside the camera prevents the material from the exposition by the red light
eyes are exposed with bright light that makes a model defocus the look
eyes are exposed with bright light to contract pupils
the film/sensor is treated with a coloring agent that reduces red channel in the image
red pupils are painted with a mark pen on a print

What is the name of the effect apparent as color dots at the same location of the image at long exposure times?

dust in the eyes
dead pixels
hot pixels
megapixels
digital noise

How can you deabbreviate ISO?

Immediate Shutter Obliteration
Intelligent Source Output
Internal Storage Operation
International Standards Organization
International Synchronization Office

What photographers mean by "barn doors"?

environment to reproduce a village athmosphere
a device half-covering the lens during multiple exposure shutting
light-reducing blinds of a floodlight device
type of a lens hood
automatic blinds that cover the lens on compact cameras

What type of photography benefits most from the aperture priority mode?

sport photography
landscape
shutting from beneath a moving vehicle
portrait
sunset photography
underwater photography

What is a gradient density filter?

a filter used by photographers with higher education
a filter that changes its color while rotated
a filter one part of which is dense, while the other one is transparent
a filter with the aperture in the center
a filter with its factor depending on the angle of illumination

What is a flash syncronization speed?

a duration of the light emission pulse
minimal exposition time applicable when the flash is on
time needed to recharge the flash capacitor
time needed to mount a flash unit onto a camera
a delay between flashing of the master and slave flash lights

How do you "pull a film"?

fix one tip in a vice and apply force to the other tip
use the higher ISO value than recommended
use the lower ISO value than recommended
use a film at low temperature
use a film in low light conditions
use all film length without any remainder

Which weather allow most efficient usage of a polarizer filter?

cloude sky
rain
bright blue sky
sunrise and sunset
complete darkness

Which film has a perforation?

lammelar film
middle format roll film
film on a surface of a developer reagent
35 mm film
adhesive film

What happens during the serial film winding?

the film is winded at three frames per second
the film is winded in series of three frames
the film is automatically rewinded to the first frame
the film is automatically rewinded after the exposition of the last frame
the camera shots continuously while the shutter button is pressed
the camera shots automatically when the object comes to focus

What is white balance?

ratio of cool and warm tones in the image
color temperature of the neutral gray color
the optimal dosage of cocaine consumption
image correction algorithm aimed at reduction of the color shift
a color of neutral gray or white paper on the ready image

What is a hybrid camera?

a device invented by Bruenell for intermediate image processing
a hybrid of a compact and reflex cameras
a camera that allows usage of more than one frame format
a film camera with an image digitizer unit
a video camera that also allows taking photos

Where can you find a safe photographic light?

in a photocamera
in a box of photo accesories
in a photo laboratory
in a canister for film processing
above the brothel door

Many 35 mm cameras have a pressure table. What is its purpose?

it allows mounting a camera to a tripod
it makes the rear wall of a camera light-opaque
it allows usage of pneumatic shutter operation
it provides flat conformity of the film during exposition
it is used for comfort clasping of the camera to a photographer head

What does a photographic term "contrajour" mean?

light source behind the object
light masking barn door
a cosmetic substance preventing eyes from shining
anti-glare covering
self-portrait
"Say cheese!"

Types of which device are called "leaf-type" and "focal-type"?

photo camera
metering template
brake disk
shutter
focusing screen
adapter for flower shutting

What are the optimal conditions of photo film storage?

in a dry cool place
in a dry warm place
in a wet cool place
in a pot of formaldehyde
inside a photo camera

What is a DX code on film cassettes?

sequence of numbers
sequence of black and silver rectangles
dash-and-dot code
ouths and crosses

What do numbers of black and white paper mean?

light sensitivity
geometric format
quality
contrast
price in US dollars

What type of photography benefits most from the usage of a remote control?

animal photography
landscape
sport photogrpahy
self-portrait
photography of disasters

Where is a pentaprism (or its analog) located in a modern reflex camera?

in the lens
between the mirror and the viewfinder
there is no pentaprism in a modern camera
on a camera basement
inside the film transport mechanism

What is the purpose of a sensor shaking?

giving pictures a romantic blurreness
shaking off water drops during the underwater shooting
shaking off the dust
removal of the static charge

What is a megapixel?

a pixel of gigantic size
a million of light-sensitive items
a million of dots of the image
a million of printing device raster dots

Which device allows the reduction of light amount passing through the lens?

lens cover
extender
light-absorbing panel
throttle choke
light-reducing gardins
lens hood
neutral optic filter

Where you can meet a lampshade?

in a wide format camera
in a film developer canister
on a macro lens
on a studio floodlight
in a film development case

How can a photographer use a sack of beans most efficiently?

sit on it
place a model on it
set a camera on it
eat the content

What is a "soft lens"?

a lens that does not provide correct focusing
a lens that rebounds elastically when dropped
a lens that creates controlled flares
a lens with a built-in diffuser filter
a lens that creates two images at once: one is sharp, and another one is blurred

How can you deabbreviate SLR?

Summer Lens Release
Sun Light Responsive
Shutter Lock Reset
Single Lens Reflex
Short-to-Long Range

How can you use a "3 by 3" rule?

for the exposure compensation
for the selection of a frame composition
in automatic exposure bracketing
for manufacturing of the outdoor advertisment posters
in metering templates
in a team fight for a better camera

What is the name of the effect introduced by the light beams that does not create an image?

flares
distorsion
overexposure
ghost image
outward light
reflection

How should one shot a waterfall to depict water as a white blur?

use a flash
use long exposition time
use "effect" optic filters
use open aperture
shake the camera during shooting

What are "sepia" filters designed for?

they add brown-orange hue to a color image
they give ancient look to a camera
they provide a slightly blurred image
they make black and white photos look older
they allow reproduction of old photo prints

What did Louis Dagger invent?

the first dagger knife
the first method of color photography
the first photographic typesetter
the first commercial photographic process
the first method of stereoscopic photography
the first color laser printer

What are multiplication prisms designed for?

they allow to connect a single lens to multiple cameras
they split a single image into a multitude of overlapping copies
they mask a part of frame and allow shutting a single object several times
they allow multiple exposure of a single frame
they are used for shutting fireworks

Many compact cameras utilize zoom lens. What are they needed for?

for focusing at high shutting rate
for production of noise during focusing
for the efficient focusing of fast moving objects
for varying of the focal length
they make camera look more effectively

Which device increases the lens focal length?

a macro lens
a scrambler
a teleconverter
a photo camera
an inversion ring
an elongation ring
an extender

What is a film cross-processing?

a process of film development lacking one of its important steps
intermixing of reagents
film treatment by agents proposed for the other type of film
film processing with utilization of separate bathes for every agent
simultaneous parallel processing of several films

What is an exposure width of a photomaterial?

exposure interval providing acceptable quality of the image
indication of the exposure metering accuracy
compensatory exposition correction, which corresponds to tenuous air at high altitudes
allowed overexposure during the film development, which still provides acceptable image quality
the length of shortest frame side in millimeters

What is a recharge time?

time consumed to change a film cassette
time that a manufacturer needs to dispose camera's recyclable components
time needed to place a new shell into a chamber
time needed to charge a flash capacitor after firing
duration of a pulse produced by the electronic flash

What is a coma?

a fatal mistake during film development
a technique of a compact flash usage
the state of a camera from which it can not be repaired
the lens aberration
a compact photo camera

What is a passive focusing?

an auto focusing system that illuminates object with an infra-red beam
a method of absolutely silent focusing
focusing process, when you have to rotate the focusing ring manually
a focusing method utilizing contrast measurement
a focusing system used by gay photographers

Which type of film is most suitable for hand-held shutting in low light conditions?

an infra-red film
a high-sensitive film
a fine-grain film
a duplicatory film
a film for glass tinting

Which quantity is measured in Kelvins (�)?

light brightness
temperature of a flash lamp during operation
color saturation
color temperature
amount of alcohol in blood
temperature of the developing agent
strength of correction introduced by a conversion filter

Which device should be obligatory present in a reflex camera?

microprocessor
gear box
pentaprism
interchangeable lens
mirror
water flush handle
auto focusing system

What is measured in diopters?

myopia
camera price in Indonesia
lens focal power
focusing accuracy
focusing at close distances
hyperopia

Which property of a sensor is directly associated with signal to noise ratio?

sensor dimension in megapixels
output voltage
geometric size of a pixel
geometric size of a sensor
ISO value

What is a pneumatic shutter release?

a device that allows operation of the camera located on an aerostat
radio remote control
a device preventing sudden fall of a tripod central bar due to its pneumatic damping
a device that allows usage of air pressure to release the shutter
a procedure of air bubble removal during the film processing

Why standard 50 mm lens are not so popular nowadays?

they don't provide the same angle of view as a human eye
photos taken with such lens have lost their attractivity
they are replaced by more universal zoom lens
everybody is bothered with them, and people tempt for diversity
they are not supported by modern cameras

What are the following temrs applied to: "matt", "glossy", "satin", "silk"?

cosmetic styles
focusing screens
light reflectors
lens coating layers
photo paper types
photo studio seat upholstery

What is the origin of multicolored flares on the lens front?

chromatic aberration in the massive glass body
light refraction on the lens borders
antireflection coating
reflections of varycolored inner parts of the camera
psychic disorder of the observer

How does it smell when one tones photo prints with sodium sulphite?

snowdrops
lemon juice
burnt sulphur
manure
rotten eggs

What is a CCD used in auto-focusing system?

Compact Camera Disassembling
Cadmium Color Diode
Charged-Coupled Device
Canon Custom Diaphragm
Circular Crystal Dynamo

What additional exposure during photo printing serves for?

it provides better state security
it lowers the contrast of the negative film
it darkens a part of the image selectively
it is used to warm up the photographic chemicals
it lightens a part of the image
it is used for guaranteed erasing of prints

Which situation corresponds to flash photography in reflected light?

two flash lights are fired towards each other to increase the total brightness
the flash light is reflected from a wall or a ceiling
the flash light is distributed in a room to obtain a stroboscopic effect
the flash light is mirrored to the back side of the object

What does TTL mean?

Time To Live
Trough The Lens
Test The Lighting
Tungsteen-Titanium Lightmeter
Transistor-Transistor Logic

What is the term for a sheet that is given by a photolab manager together with processed APS film or a memory card?

index print
name card
frame pointer
bill
identification list
price list

Which operation increases the depth of field?

setting of the smaller aperture
getting closer to the object
usage of a telephoto lens
usage of a "Soft Spot" filter
setting the faster shutter speed
setting the camera to a tripod

What is a "microphotography"?

taking photos by a midget camera
photography technique with significant decrease of the image size
taking photos through a microscope
a photo print smaller than 2*3 cm
taking photos with a macro lens

Point out the odd term:

single lens reflex
35 mm compact camera
"Electronic optical system" (EOS)
"Advanced photographic system" (APS)
camera obscura

By what is a 35 mm film leader extracted from its cassette?

by the film leader extractor
by a ligulate clamp
by drawing tweezers
by the air flow
by hand
it is never extracted from the cassette

Which frame will have the better signal to noise ratio: taken at ISO 100 and pushed by 1 stop in raw converter or taken at ISO 200?

the former
the latter
they will be more or less equally noisy

Which of the following photographers does not use a wide format camera?

landscape photographer
photo reporter
advertisment photographer
architecture photographer
photographer on a pension

What is an iris aperture?

a dedicated device for flower photography
a unit of modern cameras that generate acoustic beeps
a set of overlapping blades inside the lens
a part of the artificial lung
an aperture in the lens through which the light is passing

"�" stands for "bulb" on a shutter speed scale. What is the origin of this term?

setting shutter speed to B was used for stillife photography
in the early ages of photography a pneumatic drive with rubber bulb was used to release the shutter
first circular shutter speed scales had a bulb shape
it origins from a model silhouette shape underexposed in B mode

What is a "star" filter used for?

for night photography of a stellar sky
for conversion of all light flares to star shapes
for the spectral decomposition of the visible light
for taking photos of celebrities
to diminish the effect of short-wave moonlight

What should a photographer set in speed priority mode?

shutter speed
lens aperture
priority of picture taking
material sensitivity
film advance mode

What is the purpose of a polarizer filter?

to filter out the blue light
to polarize the light passing through the lens
it allows taking photos of sun glasses
to filter out the light polarized in certain planes
it allows the usage of instantaneous photographic films and Polaroid plates

What is a DX code?

data encoded on a film cassette
image encoding algorithm
indication of the flash output power
identification code printed on the lens
material sensitivity

What is the incident light?

a heavy lighting device with small basement square
the light reflected by the object
the light reflected by a reflector
the light illuminating the object
a device used by the police to enlighten a locus delicti
an astronomic phenomenon

Which type of photography benefits most from the speed priority mode?

car race photography
landscape photography
portrait photography
sport photography
self-portrait
photography of alcoholic drinks

What is a term for the photo emulsion compound containing light-sensitive silver halogenide particles?

porous structure
polyethylene
gelatin
celluloid
halo filler
mayonnaise

Which type of photography does not benefit from usage of a tripod?

flower photography
photography with a camera that does not have a tripod socket
night photography
photography from a moving car
photography from a small ship deck

What is a lens aberration?

improvement of the image quality
optical distrosions
confiscation of the lens by the state law machinery
distorsions caused by camera trembling
malfunction of the lens that prevent the aperture from complete opening

Which of the following cameras provides the fastest serial shooting?

Canon EOS 1N RS
Nikon F5
Minolta Dinax 800 SI
Pentax Z-1P
gas camera

What is a teleconverter used for?

its is used for the reproduction photography of a TV screen
it allows easy conversion of a TV set into a photocamera
it icreases the focal length
it allows focusing at shorter distances
it decreases the focal length

What is a term for the material ability to provide the image quality at under- or over-exposure?

stabilarity
dynamic range
shutter speed
solubility
directional stability
price

What is a purpose of the preliminary depth of field control?

it provides the preparatory basis for the momental photography
it allows to filter out girls applying for a photo model job
it helps to block the mirror in upper position
it is a part of the aperture change process
it is used to learn the aperture value corrsponding to the desired depth of field

How is the flash exposition controlled?

by variation of the flash brightness
by variation of the flash duration
by variation of the volume affected by the flash light
by installation of filters in front of the flash
by variation of the lens aperture
by variation of the flash synchronization speed

What are conversion filters needed for?

to change the focal length
to change the ambient brightness of a frame
to adapt military technology to photo camera manufacturing
to change the color balance
to stabilize the working temperature inside the lens

Which part of a camera does not need a power supply?

exposition meter
information display in a viewfinder
motherboard
shutter
autofocusing system
tripod socket

What is the main advantage of lens optical stabilization?

decrease of the lens size
giving a lens the directional stability
increase of the focal length
increase of the shutter speed allowable for hand-held shooting
decrease of the lens weight

Which materials are not used in the photographic lenses?

mica
optical glass
quarz glass
glass with low dispersion
glass with high dispersion
fluorite

What are the distinguishing features of the shift lens?

their mounting allows transmission of electronic signals
they are significantly more expensive
they allow shooting from behind the corner
they are compatible with the aperture value of f/44
frontal part of these lens can be tilted
they imply manual focusing only
they can be used with cameras manufactured by the other vendor than the lens

What is a vignetting?

making a postcard based on a photo print
loss of image information due to poor lens or due to the incorrect usage of blend or filters
darkening of image periphery due to the incorrect photomaterial processing
usage of a telephoto lens to frame out the unwanted parts of the image
usage of grid filters to make the light softer

What was the name of a first camera manufactured by a company, which was called Canon later?

Asahiflex
Canonflex
EOS
Kwanon
Dynax
this company was called "Canon" from the beginning

How will a flash leading number change on twofold increase of material sensitivity?

will increase twice
will decrease twice
will not change
will increase by square-root-of-two
will increase fourfold
will decrease fourfold

What is a filling flash needed for?

to supply electrical power to camera components
it helps a photogrpaher to orient in total darkness
to correct the exposition metering
to lighten the shadows
to compensate the back light
for the momental overexposure of the material needed for state security

What is the difference between Soft Spot and Center Spot filters?

the former is less sharp
the former is manufactured of glass with lower scratch hardness
the former does not have an aperture in the middle
the former can be installed not only in the center of the lens
Soft Spot is a photogrphic light filter while Center Spot is a motor oil filter
they differ in image quality and, accordingly, in price

Which advantages does an optical viewfinder have as compared to an electronic one?

it allows the focusing control
it can operate in darkness
it can operate in bright light conditions
it has a shorter display lag
it has no parallax effect

Where does a digital camera write the acquired image to?

to a hard disk
to a light sensitive matrix
to an image processing chip
to a memory card
directly to the brain of a photographer

How does the photographic interpolation affect the final image?

increases both size and quality of the image
increases the image size at the expense of its quality
compensates under- and overexposure
allows to display all tiny details
increases the image sharpness
decreases the image sharpness
increases the image file size

RAW format allows:

filling of a memory card for minimal time
improvement of the incorrectly exposed image during post-processing
chaning the white balance during post-processing
recording of the moving pictures and sound
avoidance of a computer usage
juridical proof of your authorship

What is an EXIF?

a set of standard formats for images published on the net
additional data written into the image file
the image stabilization technology used for slow-speed shooting
the last frame in a serie (exit frame)

Which geometrical size of a sensor corresponds to a crop-factor of 1.92?

1.92 cm
1/1.8
1/2.5
4/3
APS
35 mm

Which parameters should be set for proper exposition of the scene illuminated at 0 EV (2.5 lux)?

f/1.0, 1/30 sec, ISO100
f/1.0, 1 sec, ISO100
f/1.4, 2 sec, ISO100
f/2.0, 1 sec, ISO400
such scene can not be properly exposed without additional external illumination

A modern DSLR camera allows framing with the use of:

a mirror
an electronic viewfinder
an optical viewfinder
a screen on the back side of the camera
a Bartlough eyepiece

The shutter lag includes time to perform the following operations:

auto-focusing
exposition metering
finger-pressing of a shutter release button
flash charging
mirror lift
sensor shake
preliminary flash, if needed
camera's thinking about Eternity

The sensor photographic width is:

its dynamic range
the brighness ratio of the lightest image elements to the darkest ones
the ratio of the sensor width in inches to the number of pixels along its larger side

What can happen to a photo camera during frost?

liquid crystall display lagging
solidification of lubricant inside the lens
image processing performance growth (due to the superconductivity effect)
electrical rupture of a camera body
battery discharge
condensation of ice on the inner surfaces of the camera
freezing of hot pixels
decrease of optimal color temperature of the shots

Which devices and operations are most useful for shooting night scenes without a foreground?

masking of yourself and the camera with dark cotton
turning off the flash light
a lunar reflector
a tripod
an optical stabilizer
a hyroscopically stabilized platform
focusing at hyperfocal distance

What do photographers mean when saying "move black point right"?

the displacement of a defective pixel to the right of a sensor field
the head shake after staring at the sun
widening of the dynamic range by repositioning of its beginning to lighter tone
retouching of micro defects on a print
the image conversion during which middle tones become darker
cutting off the unused part of the dynamic range

What is an integral exposition metering with the emphasized center?

a method of the preliminary exposition metering
an average exposition value calculated from several measures
exposition metering with higher priority of the image central part
exposition metering by an exponometer located in the center of the camera, straight behind the lens
an average exposition value calculated from several frames, while middle frame has the highest priority

Which pixel size is required for a quality print of 10x15 cm?

300 dpi
141 lpi
2.4 Mp
5.0 Mp
the quality print can not have the size of 10x15 cm

The shutter speed acceptable for hand-held shooting (no flash, no image stabilizer, for 10x15 cm prints) is:

1/30
the reciprocal of the focal length in millimeters
the reciprocal of the product of focal length in millimeters and a crop-factor
the product of the aperture f-number and the circle of confusion diameter in micrometers
the product of a square of the sensor diagonal and a crop-factor
the product of the camera weight in gramms and the alcohol concentration in photographer's blood in ppm

Which parameter corresponds to S-axis in HSB color model?

lightness
hue between yellow and blue
hue between green and magenta
saturation
density

For the visual enlargenment of an object without reframing you need to:

install a glass before the lens
decrease the focal length and move camera closer to the object
use a lower viewpoint
tilt camera upwards
increase the focal length and move camera apart from the object

Which operations fit the term "resampling"?

change of resolution while geometrical size remains constant
quality loss due to geometrical transformations
simultaneous change of number of pixels and geometrical size
change of a size of pixels
change or geometrical size while number of pixels remains constant

What can a photographer benefit from the target tracking?

minimal lag between order and shooting
effective blur of a moving object
compensation of vertical camera oscillations
effective blur of background behind a moving object
shooting of circular panoramas

HDR technology is:

a conversion of 32-bit image into a 8-bit image with exposition correction
increase of a dynamic range by two "stops" up and down
a storage of several differently exposed images in a single file
a simplest way to spoil an image
lightening shadows and darkening hihglights based on wider dynamic range

Photography basics